Part 1: Mastering the Basics of Pronouns and Question Words.
Table Of Content:
- Introduction to Moroccan Arabic (Darija) and its significance.
- Explanation of Subjective, Objective, Possessive, Reflexive, and Demonstrative Pronouns with examples.
- Introduction to basic question words (Who, What, Where, When, Why, How) and their use in everyday conversation.
- Practical examples and common phrases incorporating these pronouns and question words.
A-Introduction:
Welcome to ‘Moroccan Wanderlust: A Journey Through Darija for Travelers,’ the first chapter in our exciting three-part series designed to bring the Moroccan language to life for travelers.
In this series, we’re going beyond the pages of traditional language guides to offer you practical, fun, and engaging ways to learn Darija.
I also will reveal the 5 alphabet language keys complete with audio pronunciations from native speakers, tailored for those planning a trip to Morocco or looking to engage in basic conversations with locals.
This guide is perfect for beginners and those unfamiliar with the vibrant Moroccan dialect.
In this first installment, we focus on the core elements of Darija: pronouns and question words Through practical examples and an immersive conversation between a tourist and a Moroccan shopkeeper, Hassan.
we’ll also explore how these linguistic pieces are used in real-life scenarios.
This approach ensures a mix of fun and information, making your learning experience both enjoyable and enriching.
Get ready to dive into the heart of Moroccan culture through its language, and stay tuned for more interactive learning in our upcoming posts
starting with:
B-pronouns and question words:
Similar to English and many other languages, Darija, the Moroccan dialect, is equipped with its own set of pronouns and question words. These include various types essential for daily communication, such as Subjective Pronouns, Objective Pronouns, Possessive Adjectives, Possessive Pronouns, Reflexive Pronouns, and Demonstrative Pronouns. Understanding these will not only enhance your speaking skills but also deepen your connection with the local culture and people during your Moroccan adventure.
Important Side Note:
Language Key:
if you want to crack the code of Darija you should understand and spell the alphabet right. we use numbers to chastise them including:
Number | Alphabet | Examples |
3 | Aa | 3yn/aayn-Eye, 3shia/aashia-Eveninng, 3essel/aaessel-Honey. |
2 | Ae | N2aked lik/Naeked lik- assure you, Asma2/Asmae-names, |
4 | Gh | 4berty/Ghberty- Long time no see, 4eshashe/Gheshashe- cheatter, 4obera/ghobera-Dust. |
5 | Kh | 5obz/Khobz-Bread, 5odera/khodera-vegitables, 5izo/Khizo- carrot. |
7 | H | 7ouma/Houma-neighborhood, mat7shemish/mathshemish- don’t be shay, 7lib/hlib-milk. |
9 | K,Q | 9hewa/Kehewa/qhewa – coffee, t9asher/tkasher/tqasher-socks, 9osse/kosse/qosse- arch. |
Number/Alphabet: 3/Aa
Example: 3yn/aayn-Eye, 3shia/aashia-Eveninng, 3essel/aaessel-Honey.
Pronunciation:
Number/Alphabet: 2/Ae
Examples: N2aked lik/Naeked lik- assure you, Asma2/Asmae-names,
Pronunciation:
Number/Alphabet: 4/Gh
Examples: 4berty/Ghberty- Long time no see, 4eshashe/Gheshashe- cheatter, 4obera/ghobera-Dust.
Pronunciation:
Number/Alphabet: 5/Kh
Examples: 5obz/Khobz-Bread, 5odera/khodera-vegitables, 5izo/Khizo- carrot.
Pronunciation:
Number/Alphabet: 7/H
Examples: 7ouma/Houma-neighborhood, mat7shemish/mathshemish- don’t be shay, 7lib/hlib- milk.
Pronunciation:
Number/Alphabet: 9/K,Q
Examples: 9ehewa/Kehewa/qehewa – coffee, t9asher/tkasher/tqasher-socks, 9osse/kosse/qosse- arch.
Pronunciation:
B-1/ pronouns:
1-a/Subjective Pronouns
Subjective pronouns in English (I, you, he, she, we, they) are used as the subject of a sentence.
- I: أنا (ana)
- You (singular, masculine): نتا (nta)
- You (singular, feminine): نتي (nti)
- He: هو (huwa)
- She: هي (hiya)
- We: حنا (ḥna)
- You (plural): نتوما (ntuma)
- They: هوما (humā)
Examples:
- أنا (Ana – I): أنا كنحب المغرب. (Ana kan7ibb al-Maghrib – I love Morocco.)
- نتا (Nta – You masculine): نتا كتعرف تهدر بالدارجة؟ (Nta kat3rraf tḥadder bDarija? – Do you know how to speak Darija?)
- نتي (Nti – You feminine): نتي كتجي للمدرسة معانا. (Nti katji l-madrasa m3ana – You come to school with us.)
- هو (Huwa – He): هو يعيش في الرباط. (Huwa ya3yish fi ar-Rabaṭ – He lives in Rabat.)
- هي (Hiya – She): هي تعمل طبيبة. (Hiya ta3mal ṭabiba – She works as a doctor.)
- حنا (7na – We): حنا كنحبو الكوزينة المغربية. (7na kan7abbu al-kozina al-ma4ribiyya – We love Moroccan cuisine.)
- نتوما (Ntuma – You plural): نتوما كتعرفو تلعبو الكرة. (Ntuma kat3arfu tḷa3bu al-kura – You know how to play soccer.)
- هوما (Humā – They): هوما يسافرون كثيرا. (Huma ysafirun kathira – They travel a lot.)
1-b/Objective Pronouns:
Objective pronouns (me, you, him, her, us, them) are used as the object of a verb.
- Me: يا (ya)
- You (singular, masculine): ك (k)
- You (singular, feminine): ك (k)
- Him: و (o)
- Her: ها (ha)
- Us: نا (na)
- You (plural): كم (kum)
- Them: هم (hum)
Examples:
- يا (Ya – Me): شوف يا. (Shuf ya – Look at me.)
- ك (K – You): بغيت نشوفك. (Bghit nshufk – I want to see you.)
- و (O – Him): سلم عليه. (Sallim 3layh o – Say hello to him.)
- ها (Ha – Her): كتبت ليها ها. (Katabt laha ha – I wrote to her.)
- نا (Na – Us): جيب لينا الكتب. (Jib lina al-ktub – Bring us the books.)
- كم (Kum – You plural): كنتسناو كم. (Kantsannaw kum – We are waiting for you.)
- هم (Hum – Them): عطيت لهم الهدية. (3ṭit lihum al-hadiyya – I gave them the gift.)
1-c/Possessive Adjectives:
Possessive adjectives (my, your, his, her, our, their) show ownership.
- My: ديالي (dyali)
- Your (singular, masculine): ديالك (dyalk)
- Your (singular, feminine): ديالك (dyalk)
- His: ديالو (dyalo)
- Her: ديالها (dyalha)
- Our: ديالنا (dyalna)
- Your (plural): ديالكم (dyalkum)
- Their: ديالهم (dyalhum)
Example:
- ديالي (Dyali – My): هادي سيارة ديالي. (Hadi sayyara dyali – This is my car.)
- ديالك (Dyalk – Your): فين كتاب ديالك؟ (Fīn ktab dyalk? – Where is your book?)
- ديالو (Dyalo – His): هادا دار ديالو. (Hada dar dyalo – This is his house.)
- ديالها (Dyalha – Her): هادي قلم ديالها. (Hadi 9alam dyalha – This is her pen.)
- ديالنا (Dyalna – Our): هادي مدرسة ديالنا. (Hadi madrasa dyalna – This is our school.)
- ديالكم (Dyalkum – Your plural): هادو كتب ديالكم. (Hadu ktub dyalkum – These are your books.)
- ديالهم (Dyalhum – Their): هادي حديقة ديالهم. (Hadi ḥadi9a dyalhum – This is their garden.)
1-d/Reflexive Pronouns:
Reflexive pronouns (myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves) are used when the subject and the object of a sentence are the same. In Moroccan Arabic:
- Myself: راسي (rasi)
- Yourself (singular, masculine): راسك (rask)
- Yourself (singular, feminine): راسك (rask)
- Himself: راسو (raso)
- Herself: راسها (rasha)
- Ourselves: راسنا (rasna)
- Yourselves: راسكم (raskum)
- Themselves: راسهم (rashum)
Examples:
- راسي (rasi-Myself ): كنهضر مع راسي. (Kanḥḍar ma3a rasi -I am talking to myself.)
- راسك (singular, masculine) – (rask-Yourself): خود راحة لراسك. (Khud ra7a l rask-Take a rest for yourself.)
- راسك(singular, feminine) – (rask-Yourself ): علمي راسك الطبخ. (3llimi rask aṭ-ṭabkh-Teach yourself cooking.)
- راسو (raso-Himself ):كيصلح السيارة براسو. (Kayṣla7 as-sayyara b raso. -He fixes the car himself.)
- راسها (rassha-Herself): هي كتعلم الإنجليزية براسها. (Hiya kat3allim al-Ingliziyya b rasseha.-She is learning English by herself.)
- راسنا (rasna-Ourselves): خصنا نعتامدو على راسنا. (5aṣna n3tamadu 3ala rasna. -We need to rely on ourselves.)
- راسكم (plural) – (raskum-Yourselves ): ديرو القرار راسكم. (Diru al-9arar raskum- Make the decision by yourselves.)
- راسهم – (rāshum-Themselves): هوما كينظمو الحفلة راسهم. (Huma kaynadmu al-7afla b wa7dhum.- They are organizing the party themselves.)
1-e/Demonstrative Pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns in English (this, that, these, those) point to specific things.
- This (masculine): هادا (hada)
- This (feminine): هادي (hadi)
- That (masculine): داك (dak)
- That (feminine): ديك (dik)
- These: هادو (hadu)
- Those: دوك (duk)
Examples:
- هادا (Hada- This masculine): هادا كتاب. (Hada ktab – This is a book.)
- هادي (Hadi – This feminine): هادي سيارة. (Hadi sayyara – This is a car.)
- داك (Dak – That masculine): داك ولد. (Dak walad – That is a boy.)
- ديك (Dik – That feminine): ديك بنت. (Hadik rah bent – That is a girl.)
- هادو (Hadu – These): هادو ديالي. (Hadu dyali – These are mine.)
- دوك (Duk – Those): دوك ديالكم. (Duk dyalkum – Those are yours.)
2-Question Word:
Question words are used to ask questions. Here are the Moroccan Arabic versions:
- Who?: شكون (chkun)
- What?: شنو (shnu)
- Where?: فين (fin)
- When?: إيمتى (imta)
- Why?: علاش (3lash)
- How?: كيفاش (kifash)
- Which?: لي (li)
Examples:
- شكون (Chkun – Who?): شكون هادا؟ (Chkun hada? – Who is that?)
- شنو (Shnu – What?): شنو كدير؟ (Shnu kaddir? – What are you doing?)
- فين (Fīn – Where?): فين ساكن؟ (Fin sakin? – Where do you live?)
- إيمتى (imta – When?): إيمتى غادي تجي؟ (imta ghadi tji? – When will you come?)
- علاش (3Lash – Why?): علاش مكتهضرش؟ (3Lash makteḥḍersh? – Why aren’t you talking?)
- كيفاش (Kifash – How?): كيفاش وصلتي لهنا؟ (Kifash waṣalti lhna? – How did you get here?)
- لي (Li – Which?): لي واحد بغيتي؟ (Li waḥid bghiti? – Which one do you want?)
- شحال (Sh7al – How much/many?): شحال هادي؟ (Sh7al hadi? – How much is this?)
C-Real Life Example:
Having explored various pronouns and question words through practical examples, let’s see how these elements come together in a real-life scenario.
Remember, the true charm of learning a language lies in its practical use.
To illustrate this, let’s revisit the engaging conversation between Hassan, a Moroccan shop owner, and Elizabeth, a tourist from the USA.
This dialogue not only uses the pronouns and question words we’ve learned but also immerses us in a typical cultural exchange one might experience in Morocco.
Pay attention to how the language flows naturally in a conversation, making your learning experience more contextual and realistic.
- Tourist: سلام! بشحال هاد الطابلة ديال القهوة؟ (Salam! Bsh7al had aṭ-ṭabla dyal al-9ahwa?) (Hello! How much is this coffee table?)
- Hassan: وعليكم السلام! هاد الطابلة بألف درهم. (Wa3laykum as-salam! Had aṭ-ṭabla b2alf dirham.) (Hello! This table is for one thousand dirhams.)
- Tourist: واو، هادي غالية بزاف! واش ممكن نتفاوضو على الثمن؟ (Waw, hadi ghaliya bzaf! Wash mumkin ntafawḍu 3la aṭ-ṭaman?) (Wow, that’s quite expensive! Can we negotiate the price?)
- Hassan: طبعا، اشنو كتعرضي؟ (Ṭab3an, ashnu kat3arḍi?) (Of course, what do you propose?)
- Tourist: بغيت نعطيك خمسمائة درهم. (Bghit n3ṭik 5amsmia Dh.) (I would like to offer five hundred dirhams.)
- Hassan: خمسمائة؟ هادي قليلة بزاف! واش ما عجباتكش الصناعة؟ (5amsmia? Hadi 9lila bzaf! Wash ma3ajbatkash aṣ-ṣana3a?) (Five hundred? That’s too little! Don’t you like the craftsmanship?)
- Tourist: لا، الصناعة زوينة بزاف، ولكن خمسمائة هو لي عندي. (La, aṣ-ṣana3a zwina bzaf, walakin 5amsmai huwa li 3andi.) (No, the craftsmanship is very beautiful, but five hundred is all I have.)
- Hassan: اوكي، نقول ليك شحال؟ سبعمائة وخمسين درهم وهي اخر عرض ديالي. (Okay, n9ul lik sh7al? Sab3mia w 5amsin dirham w hiya akhir 3ard dyali.) (Okay, how about this? Seven hundred and fifty dirhams, and that’s my final offer.)
- Tourist: سبعمائة وخمسين باقي شوية غالية، ولكن موافقة. (Sab3mia w 5amsin ba9i shwiyya ghaliya, walakin mwaf9a.) (Seven hundred and fifty is still a bit expensive, but I agree.)
- Hassan: تبارك الله عليك! شريتي طابلة زوينة. بغيتي تشربي شي كاس ديال اتاي معايا دابا؟ (Tabarak allah 3layk! Shrayti ṭabla zwina. Bghiti tsharbi shi kass dyal atay ma3aya daba?) (Blessings upon you! You’ve bought a beautiful table. Would you like to have tea with me now?)
- Tourist: اه، بغيت! و شكرا بزاف على العرض. (Ah, bghit! o Shukran bzaf 3la al-3ard.) (Yes, I would! Thank you very much for the offer.)
- Hassan: مرحبا بيك في أي وقت. ها هو الشاي. (Marḥaba bik fi ay waqt. Ha huwa ash-shay.) (You’re welcome anytime. Here’s the tea.)
- Tourist: بالمناسبة، اسمي إليزابيث من أمريكا. (Bal-munasaba, ismi Elizabeth min Amrika.) (By the way, my name is Elizabeth from America.)
- Hassan: مرحبا إليزابيث، أنا حسن. تشرفت بلقائك. (Marḥaba Elizabeth, ana Hassan. Tasharraft bil-li9a2k.) (Welcome Elizabeth, I am Youssef. Pleased to meet you.)
- Elizabeth: تشرفت بيك حسن. أنا أول مرة في المغرب. عندك شي نصائح للسياح؟ (Tasharraft bik Hassan. Ana awal marra fi al-Maghrib. 3ndak shi nassa2i7 lil-siya7?) (Pleased to meet you, Youssef. It’s my first time in Morocco. Do you have any tips for tourists?)
- Hassan: طبعا! مراكش مدينة رائعة. للإقامة، فيه فنادق زوينة ورياضات في المدينة القديمة. (Ṭab3an! Marrakesh madina ra2i3a. Ll-2i9ama, fīh fanadi9 zwina w riaḍat fī al-madina al-9adima.) (Of course! Marrakesh is a wonderful city. For accommodation, there are beautiful hotels and riads in the old city.)
- Elizabeth: واش كتعرف شي رياض زوين بالنسبة لي؟ (Wash katʿarraf shī riāḍ zwīn bāl-nisba li?) (Do you know any nice riads for me?)
- Hassan: اه، تنعرف شحال من واحد كلا وثمنو على حساب مصروفك، ولاكن احسن حاجه تقدري دريها هيا دخلي البلوغ ديالي فين غتليقايني كاتب عليهم كلهم . (Ah, Tan3erf sh7al mn wa7ed kola o tamano 3la 7essab messerufk, walakin ahssn 7aja t9deri deriha hiya d5li blog dyali fin ratl9ayni kateb 3elihum kolhum) (Yes, i. know so many, each has a separate price depending on your budget, but the best thing you can do is go to my blog site where I’d written about them all.)
- Elizabeth: شكرا! وكيفاش نقدر نتنقل في المدينة؟ (Shukran! W kifash n9dir ntna9al fī al-madina?) (Thank you! And how can I get around the city?)
- Hassan: المدينة عامرة بالطاكسيات. ولكن أنصحك تمشي كتير على رجليك لتستمتعي بالأجواء. (Al-madina 3amira bi-ṭ-ṭaksiyyat. Walakin anṣaḥuk tamshee ktir 3ala rijlīk bach tastamta3i bil-ajwa2′.) (The city is full of taxis. But I recommend walking a lot to fully enjoy the atmosphere.)
- Elizabeth: والحمامات؟ فين نلقى الحمام التقليدي؟ (W al-ḥammamat? Fīn nl9a al-ḥammam at-ta9alidiya?) (And about hammams? Where can I find a traditional hammam?)
- Hassan: تاهوما نفس الحاجة، دخلي لسيت وكليكي من بعد ختاري من (Tahuma nefess lhaja, d5li l site, click trip set up, o mn be3ed 5tari hammam & SPA) (the same for them, enter the site, click trip set up than chose hammam and spa.
- Elizabeth: أواه، وبالنسبة للتصوير؟ فين نقدر نصور أحسن مناظر؟ (Awāh, w bāl-nisba lil-taṣwīr? Fīn n9dir nṣawwir a7san manāẓir?) (Ah, and regarding photography? Where can I take the best pictures?)
- Hassan: مراكش مليئة بأماكن جميلة للتصوير. جربي الحدائق مثل حديقة ماجوريل وساحة جامع الفنا. (Marrakesh mali2a bi-amakin jamila lil-taṣwer. Jarbī al-7ada2i9 mitl Ḥadi9at Majorelle wa sa7at Jama3 al-Fnā.) (Marrakesh is filled with beautiful places for photography. Try gardens like Majorelle Garden and Jemaa el-Fnaa square.)
- Elizabeth: شكرا بزاف على كل هاد النصائح! (Shukran bzaf 3ala kull had an-niṣa2i7!) (Thank you so much for all these tips!)
- Hassan: العفو، هذا واجب. تمتعي بوقتك في مراكش! (Al-3afw, Hada wajib. tmet3i bwe9tek f marrakesh- you are welcome, enjoy your time in Marrakesh.)
- Elizabeth: حسن، عندك إنستغرام؟ بغيت نتابعك ونشارك صور الطابلة في داري. (Hassan, 3andak Instagram? Bghit ntab3k w nsharak suwar aṭ-ṭabla fi dari.) (Hassan, do you have Instagram? I want to follow you and share pictures of the table in my home.)
- Hassan: اه عندي، استغرام دديالي هو انستغرام ديال الموقع ديالي. زيديني عندك وصيفطي ليا تصاور.(Ah, 3andi. Instagram dyali huwa instahram dyal maw9i3 dyali@ , Zidini 3endk o sefty liya tssawe tsawe.(Yes, I do. My Instagram name is my website Instagram @. Add me and send me the photos!)
- Elizabeth: عظيم! أنا @ElizabethTravels. غادي نضيفك دابا. (3adim! Ana @ElizabethTravels. Ghadi nḍifk daba.) (Great! I am @ElizabethTravels. I’ll add you right now.)
- Hassan: شكرا إليزابيث، قبل ماتمشي بغيت نأكد لك اني بعت لك طبلة دات جوده. شوفي ناس ليشراوها منا فإتسي اشقالو عليها. تقدري تنتي تديري ريفيو ديالك يكفي فقط نصيفط لك الرابط ولاكن غتخلصي عليها $7. انا نقصها لك من المجموع هههه Shukran, Elizabeth. 9bel matemshi bghit n2aked lik ani be3t lik table dat jaweda, shofi nass lisheraweha f etsy ash galo 3liha. t9deri tanti tdiri b7alhum review dyalk, yakfi fa9at nssift lik rabit walakin ghat5lssi 3liha $7 ana n9esseha lik mn majmo3 hhhh .) (Thank you Elizabeth. before you leave, I want to assure you that I’m selling you a table of high quality. look at what previous clients are saying about it on etsy. you too could put your review it only needed to send you the link but it would require a 7 USD from you i will split it from the total invoice hhhhh lol)
- Elizabeth ههههه واو، جميل؛ تتبيع فاتسي، عظيم.لا، بلا متنقص والو انا نتكف، تنوعدك غانصيف اليان ديالك لغاع صاحبي وصحباتي ونأكد ليهم يشروو من عندك في المستقبل (hhhhh waw jamil, tatbi3 f Etsy, 3adim, la, bla matn9ess walo and rantklef o tanwa3edek ranseft lien dylk lga3 s7abi o s7abaty o n2aked lihum ycheriw mn 3endk fi al-mosta9bla) (hhhhh waw, beautiful, you are selling on etsy, fantastic, no do not split anything i will handle that i promis you i will share the link with my friends and besties and earge them to buy from you in the future.
- Hassan: .شكرا جزيلا لك. بالتوفيق في رحلتك ومرحبا بيك في أي وقت(shukran jazilan Baltawfi9 fi ri7alatk w mar7aba bik fi ay wa9t) ( thank you a lot Good luck on your journey, and you’re welcome anytime.)
- Elizabeth: مع اسلامه صديقي (ma3a salama sadi9i) (good bay friend)
- Hassan: مع اسلامه (ma3a salama) (good bay)
The Bottom Line:
As we wrap up this first part of ‘Moroccan Wanderlust: A Journey Through Darija for Travelers,’ I hope the journey through pronouns and question words has been both enlightening and enjoyable.
You are now equipped with the foundational tools to start simple yet meaningful conversations in Moroccan Arabic. Remember, every word you learn is a step closer to the heart of Moroccan culture.
Stay tuned for the next installment of our series, where we’ll navigate the world of essential verbs and common phrases in Darija.
In Part 2, ‘Navigating Darija: Essential Verbs and Everyday Expressions,’ we’ll delve deeper into the language, exploring how to greet, express gratitude, ask for help, and much more.
This next step will further enhance your ability to engage with locals and enrich your Moroccan travel experience.
So, keep practicing, and get ready to add more vibrant colors to your linguistic palette!